Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Brand Name: Benadryl, Tusstat
Pregnancy Category B
Drug classes: Antihistamine, Anti-motion sickness agent, Sedative/hypnotic, Antiparkinsonian agent, Cough suppressant
Therapeutic actions
Competitively blocks the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites, has atropine-like, antipruritic, and sedative effects.
Indications
· Relief of symptoms associated with perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis; vasomotor rhinitis; allergic conjunctivitis; mild, uncomplicated urticaria and angioedema; amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma; dermatographism; adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic reactions
· Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness
· Nighttime sleep aid
· Parkinsonism (including drug-induced parkinsonism and extrapyramidal reactions), in the elderly intolerant of more potent agents, for milder forms of the disorder in other age groups, and in combination with centrally acting anticholinergic antiparkinsonian drugs
· Suppression of cough due to colds or allergy (syrup formulation)
Contraindications
· Contraindicated with allergy to any antihistamines, third trimester of pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effects
Drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, disturbed coordination, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, headache, blurred vision, diplopia
Hypotension, palpitations, bradycardia, tachycardia, extrasystoles
Epigastric distress, anorexia, increased appetite and weight gain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation
Urinary frequency, dysuria, urinary retention, early menses, decreased libido, impotence
Hemolytic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia
Thickening of bronchial secretions, chest tightness, wheezing, nasal stuffiness, dry mouth, dry nose, dry throat, sore throat
Urticaria, rash, anaphylactic shock, photosensitivity, excessive perspiration
Drug Interactions:
· Possible increased and prolonged anticholinergic effects with MAO inhibitors
Nursing considerations
· Administer with food if GI upset occurs.
· Administer syrup form if patient is unable to take tablets.
· Monitor patient response, and arrange for adjustment of dosage to lowest possible effective dose.
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